Sebuah kalimat dalam bahasa
Inggris mesti mempunyai minimal sebuah subject dan verb (kata
kerja). Hal yang paling sering muncul di tes TOEFL bagian structure/grammar
yaitu masalah subject dan verb.
Bisa saja dalam sebuah kalimat kata kerjanya dihilangkan atau mungkin
subjeknya, atau mungkin juga ke duanya, atau justru mempunyai subjek dan kata
kerja yang berlebih.
Contoh soal TOEFL 1
________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a) Yesterday
b) In the morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars
________ was backed up for miles on the freeway.
a) Yesterday
b) In the morning
c) Traffic
d) Cars
Dari contoh di atas, terdapat sebuah verb “was”,
tapi tidak terdapat subject. Maka jawaban yang paling tepat yaitu c (traffic).
Jawaban a, dan b tidak termasuk dalam kategori subject. Perlu Anda ketahui
bahwa adverb tidak pernah menjadi subject kalimat, termasuk kata yesterday dan
in the morning. Sementara jawaban d juga salah karena “cars” berbentuk jamak
sehingga tidak sesuai dengan verb “was” (tunggal).
Contoh soal TOEFL 2
Engineers _____ for work on the new space program.
a) necessary
b) are needed
c) hopefully
d) next month
Engineers _____ for work on the new space program.
a) necessary
b) are needed
c) hopefully
d) next month
Kalimat di atas sudah mempunyai subject
(engineer), hanya saja tidak mempunyai verb. Olehnya yang dibutuhkan untuk
mengisi jawabannya yaitu sebuah verb. Dari keempat jawaban yang tersedia hanya
satu yang berbentuk kata kerja yaitu jawaban b (are needed). Jadi,
jelaslah bahwa jawabannya adalah b (necessary) merupakan kata sifat, hopefully
(kata keterangan/adverb), next month (kata keterangan/adverb).
Contoh soal TOEFL 3
The boy ______ going to the movies with a friend.
(A) he is
(B) he always was
(C) is relaxing
(D) will be
The boy ______ going to the movies with a friend.
(A) he is
(B) he always was
(C) is relaxing
(D) will be
Kalimat di atas mempunyai subject “the
boy.” Jadi yan kita cari yaitu verb untuk melengkapi kalimat. kiat lihat
pilihan a dan b mempunyai subject jadi ke dua pilihan ini jelas salah.
Sementara pilihan c mempunyai kata relaxing, sehingga kalimat akan mempunyai
verb lebih. Kalimat sudah mempunyai verb going to sehingga jawaban yang paling
sesui untuk mengisi kalimat di atas yaitu piliahn d (will be).
EXERCISE : Underline the subjects
once and the verbs twice in each of the following sentences. Then indicate if
the sentences are correct (C) or incorrect (I).
__I___1. Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake.
__C__ 2. A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk.
_____ 3. A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available.
_____ 4. The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications.
_____ 5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.
_____ 6. The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters.
_____ 7. The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
_____ 8. Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor.
_____ 9. Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution.
_____ 10. The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine.
__I___1. Last week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake.
__C__ 2. A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk.
_____ 3. A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available.
_____ 4. The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications.
_____ 5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.
_____ 6. The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters.
_____ 7. The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
_____ 8. Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor.
_____ 9. Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution.
_____ 10. The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine.
Kunci Jawaban Exercise
__I___1. Last
week went fishing for trout at the nearby mountain lake. (Tidak ada
subject)
__C__ 2. A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk.
__I___ 3. A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available. (Tidak ada Verb)
__I___ 4. The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications. (has provides seharusnya has provided)
__C___ 5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.
__I___ 6. The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters. (ada dua subject)
__C___ 7. The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
___I__ 8. Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor. (kehilangan verb)
___I__ 9. Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution. (kehilangan subject)
___I__ 10. The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine. (ada dua verb)
__C__ 2. A schedule of the day’s events can be obtained at the front desk.
__I___ 3. A job on the day shift or the night shift at the plant available. (Tidak ada Verb)
__I___ 4. The new computer program has provides a variety of helpful applications. (has provides seharusnya has provided)
__C___ 5. The box can be opened only with a special screwdriver.
__I___ 6. The assigned text for history class it contains more than twenty chapters. (ada dua subject)
__C___ 7. The papers in the wastebasket should be emptied into the trash can outside.
___I__ 8. Departure before dawn on a boat in the middle of the harbor. (kehilangan verb)
___I__ 9. Yesterday found an interesting article on pollution. (kehilangan subject)
___I__ 10. The new machine is processes 50 percent more than the previous machine. (ada dua verb)
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